All the theory and theorists you need for your exam

Coates Examined that there are 4 ways to understand a society (linked to ideology) Cohen, S Coined the term moral panic in 1972 - Media was often seen as the trigger for a decline in moral standards in society Corner, John Examined the process of realism within media texts Defleur Development of the hypodermic needle effect - he stated that it was dependent on the psychology of the individual (psychodynamic) Dutton Developed an extension of Galtung & Ruge's news values - 12 most significant Eisenstein Developed the form of film with his use of montage Fiske Stated that there are 5 factors that determine the social position of an audience Galtung & Ruge Process of gatekeeping and news values - to define how editorial choices are made Gauntlett He challenged the effects model on audiences and has investigated the impact of web 2.0 on identity and audiences. Media Studies 2.0 Gillmor The notion of audience revolution in the construction of their own media products (we media) Gramsci That dominant ideologies can change over time, moving away from heritage and tradition if enough audiences/groups enforce their own discourse (we media) Grossman Examined the effect of video games on audiences Hall, Stuart Mediation is the process by which all media products are read by audiences. Theories of representation linked to encoding and decoding. Types of readings Hartley, John The idea that there is a 360 degree consumption.saturation of the media for modern audiences. An advocate for media literacy. 7 Factors can affect audience interpretation of a text. Kaplan Feminism - defined women as a distinct group in two approaches - essentialist approach and anti-essentialist approach (women constructed by male society) Kutner & Olsen Conducted research into the effects of video Leiss, Kline & Jhally Developed 4 formats for advertising Lyotard, JF Developed concept of postmodernism - Media texts are self aware, independent from modernism and able to pick and mix meaning from real life and vice versa. Marshall Examined the changing relationship between games and movies (2004) Marxist The idea that Media and mass communication supports the ruling class/governments by reinforcing their ideology. Ideals and cultures can be enforced upon the masses. Maslow Created a hierarchy of needs (pyramid with 5 descriptors originally although developed), useful when examing advertising. Mayers, R Author of Robohog and shameless promoter of his work on his own websites, including this one. McLennon Developed theory of ideology and that 3 conditions needed to be present. McQuail examined models of communication - including modes through the media and how processes have changed. Developed models of society out of Marxist theory. Claimed there are 4 methods for measuring audiences. McShane Highlighted 5 points/methods that journalists follow Meehan Study of feminist representation in the 1970s - useful to contrast to modern day studies. Morley Stated that the position and interpellation of media groups affects how texts are decoded Mulvey Feminist Theory - the concept of women as objects in media and men as subjects. Contested in some modern films/adverts of today Neale Identified genres by their use of audience expectations and common conventions O'Brien, W Conducted a study into the development of 3rd generation gaming through historical commentary Parkin Examined audience positioning when looking at readings of media texts - dominant, negotiated, oppositional. Perkins Representation - Gave arguement that the use of stereotypes can be good, that stereotypes can change and even be positive (1979) Propp, V Examined the importance of character within narrative after studying classic folk tales - 32 character profiles Saussure Concept of semiotics and language (linguistics) 1974 - the extended connotations of within a cultural system Tapscott & Williams Linked Web 2.0 to a new strand of economics (wikinomics, 2006) Todorov, T Identified 5 stages of narrative/story and the notion that plots have a circular narrative. Equillibrium and Disequillibrium. (film) Tudor Defined and categorised the types of montage used by Eisenstein Williams Identified 3 core characteristics in Drama and also categorised 9 forms of the TV programme.

Audience Theory - All you need

A2 Media Studies Audience theory from Rebecca Abrahamson

Exam theory - for section 1 A and B

Media Theory